The Baghavad Gita, Yoga Sutras Of Patanjai, And The Hatha

The Baghavad Gita, Yoga Sutras of Patanjai, and the Hatha Yoga Pradipika are all considered to be revolutionary texts. Their teachings depart from earlier traditions and propose many approaches to enlightenment. Through their definition of yoga or their philosophical goals, each contain some similarities as well as aspects that make each of them unique. The epic text of the Bhagavad Gita defines yoga as the skill of union with the ultimate reality or the absolute. The work comes to us in the form of dialogue between Lord Sri Krishna and the princely warrior Arjuna, which occurs just before the onset of the devastating Mahabharata war. The Yoga Sutras by Patanjali also define yoga as a union of the parts of ourselves, and sutra means†¦show more content†¦This first step is that the student is ready to listen. Then the student ruminates on what the guru says. Then finally the student gets meaning from the gurus teachings based on his concentration and meditation on it. Upanishad means â€Å"to sit near† which represents the relationship between the guru and the student. In the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, the system was first associated with the Nath Yogis, but also connected to other yogis lineages of the time. The Naths recruited without the regard to caste or religion and took many muslims, sufi fakirs and dasnamyi into th eir fold. Here, yoga is meant for the good of all creatures, and a true Yogi was always desirous of benefitting as many men as possible He will find a true and earnest student who will not trifle with this knowledge. Each of these texts represent the importance of Upanishadic learning. The dialogue of the Gita goes through a series of concepts such as the body/soul distinction, the principle of nonattached action, the virtues of discipline (yoga) and meditation. Jhana yoga is the first stage where a person acquires the knowledge of the inner self through study and contemplation and becomes aware of the importance of realizing his true self and achieving salvation. After acquiring knowledge, he turns to karma yoga to discharge his responsibilities towards himself. The

Nora Helmer And Nils Pavlov - 926 Words

I. Introduction A. Torvald Helmer and Nils Krogstad are both men who use Nora Helmer in hope of advancing or protecting his career; but Nils is the one who releases Nora, while Torvald tries to tighten his control over Nora. B. Identify the complete title and author’s name and give the date of publication of the play. Give a brief summary of the plot. C. Nils Krogstad is a better man than Torvald Helmer because of the hope he has about the future and his change of heart about blackmailing the Helmers. II. Both Nils and Torvald use or try to use Nora for personal advancement. A. In Act I (1743-1744), Krogstad informs Nora that her forgery of her father’s name is a fraud against Krogstad and threatens to expose her to Torvald In Act III, Torvald reads Krogstad’s letter and verbally attacks Nora. B. In Act III, Torvald tells Nora, â€Å"you’ve wrecked all my happiness-ruined my whole fortune† (1769). C. Nils Krogstad is trying to protect his job and his children, and is â€Å"less of a traditional villain when we realize that he is fighting for his job at the bank† (Witham and Lutterbie, 1785). Torvald Helmer is using Nora as a pretty doll to keep up appearances that will help him in his job, and Torvald even attempts to keep Nori from eating macaroons because of this focus on beauty. According to Toril Moi, â€Å"Helmer is worried that Nora will destroy her pretty teeth† (Moi 262). D. Krogstad is trying to do good, being able to take care of his children, in a wrong way; but the attempt

101 Chambers Review - 1263 Words

James Taylor 10/15/12 State and Local Government Review of 101 Chambers written by Peverill Squire and Keith E. Hamm Squire and Hamm begin their writings with introducing the reader to the historical lineage of American legislatures and their evolution from colonial days to the modern government. The colonial institutions have greatly influenced the design of the new Congress under the Constitution (Squire and Hamm 34). The bicameral system had its originations in colonial governments and the original colonial constitutions had a large impact on the future constitutions. The bicameral legislation structure that is now common in the United States began in the colonial era. The original colonies has systems that greatly resembled†¦show more content†¦Squire and Hamm discussed how the modern day legislatures in the United States come from common ancestors and the evolution from the unicameral system to the bicameral. The authors also show how the idea of institutional diffusion occurred with one state beginning to form a cons titution and structure, then others following suit soon after in most cases. Member service longevity is not a trend that can be easily compared among states due to conflicting constitutional laws and the ability to move into higher elective offices. When comparing state governments to Congress, the states have a higher turnover rate because there are two sources of turnover that the Congress does not have to deal with. One is that certain state chambers are described as springboard states, where the representatives have a better chance of gaining a higher elected office than other states do. When the legislator has a chance to rise in the government there tends to be a higher turnover rate. These legislators also tend to be more responsive to constituents on policy preferences than are legislators in other sorts of chambers (Maestas 2000). Term limits also play a large role in the turnover rates in state governments compared to that of Congress rates. States that have term limit s seem to have higher rates due to the fact that legislators in term-limited legislatures are less obliged to focus on theirShow MoreRelatedEncno-Tarzana Community Program Essay818 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Encino-Tarzana Community Plan and upcoming workshops for each neighborhood and Q and A session. Approximately 100 people were present throughout the evenings. †¢ Encino and Tarzana Community Plan Update workshops: Two workshops were held to review and participate in shaping land use recommendations affecting the neighborhoods. The workshops were a vital component in the DCP’s engagement with the community on the long range vision for the management of growth and improvement of quality of lifeRead MoreBetrayal Like Its 1984 Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesdeception practice the Party used to make its citizens adhere to its ideologies is the use of Room 101. The main purpose of Room 101 is to incite fear and isolation. It is used to make one’s worst fears and nightmares a reality. It is a torture chamber that is ironically located in the Ministry of Love. Alicia Chudo, professor at Northwestern University, writes, â€Å"The ultimate torture of ‘Room 101’ –which is ‘the worst thing in the world’ – differs from person to person. It is whatever each personRead MoreAnalysis of Night and Fog Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagesobservational mode also known as direct cinema; the interactive where the filmmakers’ presence is apparent; the reflexive that takes on the process of representation; and finally the expository mode where the film takes on commentary or narration (101). The disembodied voice that acts as the eyes of the camera speaks directly to the viewer (Wilson, 2011), illuminates and gives historical meaning to the images on the screen demonstrating that Night and Fog was made in the expository form. PlantignaRead MoreUnicameral and Bicameral Legislatures2137 Words   |  9 Pagesstructure of every nations varies thus, there exist no simple generalization. The structural arrangements of different legislatures are distinct in relation to their number of chambers available. (Danziger, J. N. (1996)) Unicameralism Smaller nations and most parliaments follow unicameralism which consists of a single chamber. For example, New Zealand, Nordic countries such as Denmark, Iceland and Finland are unicamerals as well. [Arter 1984, 16-22 and Damgard 1992 ](Patterson, S. C., Mughan, ARead MoreSenate Reform2136 Words   |  9 PagesWestminster-based parliamentary chambers to remain unreformed.[4] The fact that the 2009 Senate continues to operate in a fashion accepted in an 1867 democracy is worth discussion. There have been several attempts at Senate reform within the past quarter-century, none which have been implemented.[5] As it stands, the Canadian Senate is obsolete, and should reform to the â€Å"Triple E Senate† model to re-establish its constitutional requirement to act as Canada’s chamber of ‘sober second thought’. ThisRead MoreRole Of Internal Audit On The Organization Outside The Finance Department1121 Words   |  5 Pagescompany’s operations by carrying out one or more activities listed below: †¢ Review internal controls such as policies and procedure to ensure they are working as intended. †¢ Identifying potential areas of risks and recommending ways of managing them. For example if a new project is being undertaken, the IA can help to make sure that project risks are clearly identified and controls are put in place to manage them. †¢ Review whether organization and those charged with governance are demonstrating bestRead MoreThe U. S. Constitution1506 Words   |  7 PagesMadison Liberty Dr. Overton Politics 101 3-24-17 Mid-Term Exam Topic #2. Explain the major points of contention in the writing of the U. S. Constitution. The During the Philadelphia convention in 1787, debates broke out over representation in Congress, the new executive branch, and slavery(costly). After 4 months of this the constitution was written. While writing the constitution the major point of contention was the structure of the new legislative branch. The larger states wanted to go withRead MoreA Letter Regarding the Shortage of Skilled Employees1803 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestments and as well, productivity (Julia Gilliard, 2011). So getting and retaining skilled workers has led to a scramble for the few ones around because of high demand (Byrant Jaworski, 2011). This is an issue that demands instant attention (Chamber of Minerals and Energy of Western Australia, 2011) It is no longer news that shortage of skilled employees is cutting across many sectors of Australian companies, although some sectors are more affected than the others. There are a number of reasonsRead MoreA Brief Summary of Milgrams Seminal Research on Obedience to Authority1016 Words   |  5 Pagesbehavior of â€Å"normal† people (Dà ¶rner and Gà ¼ss, 2011). According to Zimbardo and Gerrig, 1999, p. 793 (as cited in Mastroianni, 2002, p. 159) explained â€Å"what made thousands of Nazis willing to follow Hitler’s orders and send millions of Jews to the gas chambers? Milgram’s research showed that the blind obedience of Nazis during World War II was the outcome of situational forces that could engulf anyone.† The aims and objectives of this paper is to provide a brief summary of Milgrams seminal researchRead MoreDignity in Care2473 Words   |  10 Pageshave done research into dignity and reflect upon my own practice, and how it may change or enhance my future nursing care. Len Chambers is an elderly gentleman in your care. He is not confused or disorientated but is anxious, hard of hearing and physically frail, needing assistance to walk. The doctor has just finished the consultation and tells you that â€Å"Mr. Chambers needs to go to the toilet†. 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Types And Types Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - 1496 Words

Type 2 diabetes mellitus comprises of a collection of various dysfunctions that are characterized by presence of hyperglycemia as well as being occasioned from the combination of insulin action resistance, inappropriate or excessive secretion of glucagon, and insufficient secretion of insulin. With Type 2 diabetes mellitus, the body is either resistant to the effects of insulin, which is a hormone that is responsible for regulation of the movement of sugar into the body cells, or the body does not produce sufficient insulin in order to maintain a normal level of glucose. Some of the most common symptoms of Type 2 diabetes mellitus are increased frequency of urination and thirst caused by excess sugar in the bloodstream causing fluids to be pulled from body tissues, blurred vision due to high blood sugar causing fluid to be pulled from eye lenses, weight loss because of the inability of the body to metabolize glucose resulting in the body using alternative fuels kept in fat and muscle , and fatigue due to body cells being deprived sugar making the body feel irritated and tired. Type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs commonly as a result of prediabetes. Prediabetes implies that the level of blood sugar in the body is higher than the normal level but not high enough to be classified or considered as a full-blown type 2 diabetes (Tabak, Herder, Rathmann, Brunner, Kivimaki, 2012). Individuals with prediabetes stand a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes within 10 years unless theyShow MoreRelatedAnalytical Essay : Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus2084 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was a disease that was thought to have a rare occurrence in children and adolescents a couple decades ago. Nevertheless, researchers have begun to observe the rise in type 2 diabetes mellitus in both adults and children (1). Even though type 1 diabetes mellitus is still the main form of the disease in young people, it is most likely that type 2 diabetes mellitus will prevail in young patients in the near future. Type 2 diabetes mellitus has already beenRead MorePotential Therapeutics For Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1192 Words   |  5 PagesBromophenols have been identified as potential therapeutics for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their suspected tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity. A new series of bromophenol analogues will be synthesised and their PTP1B inhibitory activity will be tested in in vitro enzymatic assays to elucidate their mechanism of action as PTP1B inhibitors. Background and Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that is caused by insulin resistance ofRead MoreFactors Affecting Prevalence And Treatment Outcomes Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1005 Words   |  5 PagesFactors Affecting Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rwanda Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough Insulin (impaired insulin secretion) or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced (insulin resistance) resulting in increased blood glucose (â€Å"Endocrine System.† Internal Medicine Clinical Treatment Guidelines. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health, 2012 ). SymptomsRead MoreEffects Of Diabetes Education Programs On Reducing The A1c Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1025 Words   |  5 PagesResults yelled peer- reviewed articles that pertain to research surrounding diabetes education programs in reducing the A1C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Each article was evaluated based on its applicability to the research question on this paper. The pattern used in selecting the articles included for evaluation can be found in the Appendix 1. The research strategies included key terms like diabetes, type 2, education, age, program, research, adult, and A1C. The search began withRead MoreThe Effectiveness And Side Effect Possibilities Of The Combined Treatment For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesAssessment of the effectiveness and side-effect possibilities of the combined treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease which is mainly caused by the abnormalities of insulin regulation to control glucose level in the blood, thus resulting hyperglycemia [1, 2]. There are currently two major distinct types of DM, namely type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Type-1 diabetes corresponds with the inability of pancreatic hormonal glands to produce sufficient insulinRead MoreDiabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while900 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while enhancing the use of proteins and lipids. This is called insulin resistance, in which the pancreas cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, or the body is unable to use what is produced. The impairment causes blood glucose level to rise higher than normal. There is no cure for type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is life threatening when left untreated. S igns and symptoms of thisRead MoreTypes And Types Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1046 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), also known as non-insulin dependent DM, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by certain symptoms such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative insulin deficiency [1]. Genetic, environmental and behavioural risk factors are considered responsible for the predisposition of T2DM [2]. With the progression of this disease, the patient eventually develops various short- and long-term complications. Thus, the patient has to undergo multipleRead MorePreventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes (Type1028 Words   |  5 PagesPreventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 diabetes (type 2 diabetes mellitus) is a long-term (chronic) disease that affects blood sugar (glucose) levels. Normally, a hormone (insulin) moves glucose from food into tissue cells, where glucose is used for energy. In type 2 diabetes, lack of insulin or lack of a normal response to insulin causes glucose to build up in the blood instead of going into tissue cells. As a result, high blood glucose levels develop, which can cause many complications. BeingRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Type 1 And Type 21675 Words   |  7 Pagesto The American Diabetes Association, â€Å"Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels† (p.1). There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Insulin management is needed for type 1 diabetes, because it isRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus And Type 2 Diabetes Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes mellitus, known as â€Å"diabetes† is a grouping of metabolic diseases that present, over a long period of time, levels of high blood sugar. There are two main forms of diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In addition to these two, there is also what is called Gestational Diabetes. In all cases, insulin is somehow not doing its job: Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is needed to allow glucose to enter the cells and produce energy. If

The Actions Of President Hindenburg - 873 Words

The actions of president Hindenburg were the most important reason why Hitler came to power in 1933. Discuss. From 1928 to 1932, the Nazi Party went from 12 seats in the Reichstag to 230. This was due to a number of factors including the Wall Street crash and the depression that followed, the weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution and Hitler’s public speaking skills. The actions of President Hindenburg and the crippling nature of Article 48 were certainly important factors in assisting Hitler and his rise to power but perhaps not the most important. One of the main factors in Hitler’s rise to power was the Economic Depression of 1929. After the Wall Street crash, the U.S. called in its loans to Germany thus increasing both poverty and unemployment levels. The Weimar government did not understand how to reverse the situation so the general public became angry and lost confidence in the relatively new democratic system. During a depression, political trends become extremist and so the Nazis flourished; Hitler offered both a scapegoat and himself as a strong leader to look up to. The depression gave Hitler the edge he needed to gain ninety-five[1] seats in the Reichstag and ultimately progress from the leader of a minority party to the Dictator of the Third Reich. The Depression also drew attention to the weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution; as poverty and unemployment increased, respect for the democratic system drastically decreased. The German population did not want toShow MoreRelatedPresident Hindenburg s Influence On The Rise Of Power1354 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Hindenburg was one of many contributing factors to Hitler’s rise to power. Power is the capacity or ability to direct or influence the behaviour of others or the course of events. President Hindenburg passed on a role in government to Hitler, but Hindenburg took the risk and didn’t know what he was in for. The argument produced is about the importance of President Hindenburg’s actions, what effect the Great Depression made on Hitler’s rise to power and the long term resentment about theRead MoreConsolidation of Nazi Power 1933-1934 Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe initial consolidation of Nazi power in 1933 arose from key events such as t he support of the Nationalist Party with the Nazis to form a coalition government, implementation of the Enabling Law, removal of external and internal opposition, and President Hindenburg’s death. Hitler’s key principles and therefore the foundation of German Nazism revolved around anti-semitism, (hatred of Jews), and the racial supremacy of the Aryrian race. Nazi strategies were largely based around intimidation andRead MoreHitlers Rise to Fame1586 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Results VII.) Reichstag On Fire a. Plan b. Fire Set c. Set up and Arrested VIII.) Dictatorship a. Hitler takes over in Chaos b. Decree giving Dictatorship signed c. Hindenburg signs power over to Nazi’s as Police IX.) 1933 Elections a. Nazi Party Grew b. Hindenburg Dies c. Hitler Takes Over Officially d. Hitler’s powers approve e. Destruction Beings McDermott 1 Adolf Hitler is one of the most brilliant evil genius’s the world has ever seenRead MoreThe Rise Of Nazi Germany Was The Capstone Of The Inter-War1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthe popular vote and occupied 230 seats in the German Reichstag. There was little stability in the German government at this time, and seeking a solution to this instability, President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler chancellor on January 30, 1933. Once in office, Hitler dissolved the Reichstag and persuaded Hindenburg to issue a decree granting Hitler authority to prohibit public meetings, the wearing of political uniforms, and publication of dissenting opinions. On February 27, 1933, theRead MoreSignificance of the Night of the Long Knives for Hitlers Power1424 Words   |  6 Pagestotalitarian dictatorship, without the assistance of other parties (they did not have the two thirds majority needed). At this time, there was little stability in the German government, and seeking a solution to this instability, President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler chancellor on January 30, 1933. As Hitler would not settle for the vice-chancellery, Hindenburgs current chancellor Franz Von Papen agreed to be demoted to that position. He and Von Papen thought that theyRead MoreConsolidation of Nazi Power773 Words   |  4 Pagespower to consolidate their position as the only party in Germany. The Reichstag fire served as the point wherein action could be launched and was the first real step to Hitler consolidating the Nazi’s power. As the fire was suspected to have been caused by a Dutch communist, the Nazi Party used this to justify the banning of all communist publications and made 4000 arrests. Hindenburg was shaken by the fire, with Hitler convincing him the state was in distress, and forcing him into signing the ‘ProtectionRead MoreHow Did Hitler Become Chancellor in 1933?1659 Words   |  7 Pagesknow what to do. In July 1930 Chancellor Brà ¼ning cut government expenditure, wages and unemployment pay - the worst thing to do during a depression. He could not get the Reichstag to agree to his actions, so  President Hindenburg used Article 48 to pass the measures  by decree. Article 48  allowed the  President, under certain circumstances, to take emergency measures without the prior consent of the  Reichstag.  Anger and bitterness helped the Nazis to gain more support. Many  workers turned to communismRead MoreThe Weimar Republic And The Rise Of The Nazi Party1351 Words   |  6 PagesThird Reich took over the country. The Weimar Republic was a coalition government made up of eight major parties. These parties ranged from Social Democrats and communists to the left and the peoples parties to the right. Every seven years, a new president would be elected by the people, all men and women over the a of 20 years old could vote for members to be elected into the Reichstag, this also made The Weimar Constitution a democracy. The Weimar Republic voting was based upon proportional RepresentationRead MoreFascism : The Rise Of Fascism1733 Words   |  7 Pagesnot get the Reichstag to agree to his actions, so President Hindenburg used Article 48 to pass the measures by decree. In 1932 the Nazis had 230 seats making them the largest party. Conservative forces believed Hitler was the ideal solution to the weak leadership. Conservatives like Hindenburg believed that they could use Hitler for political gain in the Reichstag (German Parliament), now that Hitler held the most seats Hindenburg despised Hitler. â⠂¬Å"With Hindenburg, Hitler was ill at ease. He tried toRead MorePaul Von Hindenburgs Impact on the Weimar Republic Essay example2128 Words   |  9 PagesPaul Von Hindenburg was a renowned military and political leader for Germany; he is most notable for being a distinguished Field Marshal for the Imperial German Army during WWI, and being the second president of the Weimar republic. His military hero status was essential for his ability to garner support from the German public. His monarchistic views were highly influential in shaping the government while he was reigning as president, and as a result of his seat of presidency, he was a major determining

Crime and Punishment and Freud free essay sample

Crime and Punishment and Freud Hubris, or extreme pride, has been the downfall of heroes since the beginning of story-telling. In fact, pride is considered one of the seven deadly sins that can bring nothing but pain in the end and has been condemned by the church and the majority of the world. Psychology has named this excessive pride narcissism, a disorder that by definition, entitles that one feels extreme love and high regards for themself. Many serial killers have been diagnosed with this disorder, such as Ted Bundy, due to their low regard for the lives of anyone but themselves. Sigmund Freud, the controversial psychologist of the nineteenth century, believed that narcissism stemmed from denial of love in the early stages of development. That lack of love caused one to find it elsewhere: in himself. Actions of a narcissist were not rational, according to Freud, nor are those of any human because humans are not rational and are driven by violent and sexual impulses. In Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel, Crime and Punishment, the main character Raskolnikov believes himself to be an ‘extraordinary man’ who is above the law and believes his life is more valuable than anyone else’s. Because of his illusion of superiority, he brutally murders a woman. Raskolnikov’s reason for the murder was simple: he wanted to better the world by ridding everyone of this nuisance to society. He was motivated, however, by the superiority he felt over everyone else which was fueled by an excessive love for himself in an attempt to make up for a childhood of an absent father and a lack of attention from his mother. Prior to the murder, Raskolnikov receives a letter from his mother, discussing his sisters future marriage. In the letter, she apologizes for neglecting to write sooner, and repeatedly tells Raskolnikov how much she loves him. However by the time he finished the letter, his initial happiness turned into bitter, wrathful, and malignant smile. (Dostoyevsky 35). His mothers attempt to make up for years of abandonment makes Raskolnikov mad with rage, so he begins drunkenly walking in an attempt to find a way to stifle this anger. He had been, according to Freud, denied ‘the feeding, care, and protection that is to say, in the first instance of the mother or her substitute. ’ (Freud 405). The first sexual object in one’s life is supposed to be one’s mom in order for that person to develop properly; if a erson is denied that, however, one may become homosexual, perverted, or a narcissist. When one becomes the substitute of the mother’s attention, they turn themselves into a sexual object and feel the love originally meant for their mother, onto themselves. Thus, the narcissist is born; thus Raskolnikov’s illusion of superiority is born. He goes on to say how no one will deceive him, not his mother nor his sister because, in his mind, they are lesser, they are below him, and will only attempt to bring him down to an ordinary man. Shortly after receiving the letter, Raskolnikov has a disturbing dream depicting a horse being beaten to death by drunken peasants as he, as a young child, and his father walk along a path to church. When young Raskolnikov attempts to comfort the horse, his father responds by tugging the child away and telling him ‘they are drunk they are brutal it’s not our business! †(Dostoevsky 53) The actions of his father in the dream sheds light on the unconscious feelings Raskolnikov has towards his father. Sigmund Freud describes the content of dreams as ‘somehow derived from experience that is reproduced or remembered in the dream. (Freud 141). Freud would say that Raskolnikov’s father’s lack of compassion for his son is an experience Raskolnikov’s subconscious remembers from his childhood. No other mention of his father is made for the rest of the book, except for this negative scene. The dream brought those suppressed feelings back to life and After the dream, Raskolnikov wakes in terror and anger and begins to seriously plot the murder. Freud would say that in an attempt to silence the anger he feels towards his father, Raskolnikov redirects it towards the recluse of a woman, Alyona Ivanona. The abandonment of his father led him to find male attention elsewhere, and instead of acquiring homosexual tendencies, he finds it within himself. He begins to get cocky and plans out how easy it shall be to kill this woman, just like it was so very easy for drunken fools to torture a mare to death. In fact it shall be easier, because he, Raskolnikov, in his mind, is an extraordinary man. According to Raskolnikov, one does not become an extraordinary man, one is an extraordinary man. Porfiry confronts Raskolnikov with an article Raskolnikov had written prior to the murder. When asked about it, Raskolnikov says ‘I don’t contend that extraordinary people are always bound to commit breaches of morals I simply hinted that an extraordinary man has the right. † (Dostoevsky 226). This is inferred that Raskolnikov believes he had the right to kill the woman simply because he believes he is an extraordinary man. He even attempts to justify his actions by saying to Sonia, ‘I’ve only killed a louse, Sonia, a useless, loathsome, harmful creature. ’ (358). In his mind, killing this woman was the right, the best thing to do because he was benefiting society. He wants to be someone like Napoleon who, yes caused much bloodshed in his reign and yes killed innocent people, but did so because of his cause: for the benefit of mankind. Raskolnikov does not only love himself, but he loves ‘what he would like to be’ (Freud 406), and what he would like to be is extraordinary. Although he believes himself to be extraordinary, Raskolnikov begins to feel deathly ill and gravely guilty after he commits the murder. He slips in and out of consciousness the days following the murder: ‘he was not completely unconscious, however, all the time he was ill; he was in a feverish state, sometimes delirious’ (104). This would be, according to Freud, because of a suppression of libido. Raskolnikov originally saw the pawnbroker as a sexual object, like he sees all women. However, instead of acting on that sexual impulse, he demolishes it with an axe: ‘the sick man withdraws his libidinal cathexes on his own ego’ (Freud 402), meaning that he draws the sexual feelings back on himself, thus fueling his egotistical pride. He thought himself to be extraordinary, but it was quite the contrary: Raskolnikov himself was quite an ordinary killer who simply felt himself to be above everyone, but also felt emotions, much to his dismay. This sickness was also the downfall of Dostoevsky’s twisted hero; his hubris led him to commit a crime his conscience couldn’t handle, and thus gave him away. Freud even says that ‘so long as he suffers, he ceases to love. ’ (402), and when Raskolnikov finally gives up his suffering and falls for Sonia, he finally beings to reflect the love he feels for himself onto her, in turn giving into the sexual impulses that drive humans. Difficult childhoods are commonplace in history all around the world, and many children that emerge out of them turn out just fine. Children look for acceptance and love in their mother from the time of their birth, and being denied that allows for them to find it elsewhere. Some turn that love inward, back on themselves, and thus a narcissist is born. Pride has been the downfall to many, and Raskolnikov in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment is like any other egotistical person who got too caught up in their abilities. Sigmund Freud would blame it on sexual desires being suppressed. Ultimately pride caused Raskolnikov’s downfall, only because he believed himself to be extraordinary, when he was simply ordinary.

Jesus Image Essay Example For Students

Jesus Image Essay Jesus` Image When thinking of the physical image of Jesus Christ, one usually pictures a middle aged white, bearded male. This has been a common image for centuries; however, it is now the year 2000 and everything is changing. During this period of change and to celebrate the millennium and observe Christs birth, the National Catholic Reporter decided to sponsor an international contest which invited artists to conceive new images of Christ. Janet McKenzies painting Jesus of the People represents the complete antithesis of the common overused image of Jesus. McKenzies painting portrays Jesus as not white but black, not male but androgynous. Her image has shocked many and received many varying responses. Personally, I think that this portrayal is amazing. Its avant-garde and ahead of the times. The world is changing in all aspects and I believe that this new image of Jesus is extremely appropriate in that the world is no longer predominately run by wealthy white males. Although some may not accept McKenzies work now, I think that in time it will become more and more appropriate and desirable. McKenzies Jesus seems to be calm and relaxed. I strongly agree with Sister Wendy Becketts comment of Jesus gazing back at viewers with ineffable dignity. Although he/she appears to be at ease, he/she also suggests a state of Dombrowski 2 deep thought and contemplation. His physical characteristics and stance are also quite interesting. As he/she stands with his/her arms crossed and closed, he/she still appears loving. I believe that this feeling comes from his/her facial expression. Yet although his/her arms are crossed shut, it almost seems that he/she is embracing someone or something. Its inviting as if he/she wants to be holding the viewer. In conclusion, Janet McKenzies Jesus of the People is a work of art both representative of the times yet parallel to old ideas. I admire her courage to portray Jesus in her personal unique view and respect her vision. I believe that it is time that our common image of Jesus transforms into one which is more universal and acceptable by all races and both genders.